UPDATE September 5, 2022: A major problem of the Milne model is how to explain the "first acoustic peak" in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular power spectrum.
A. Benoit-Levy and G. Chardin (2011) suggest that it might be associated with matter/antimatter zones in the universe, and not with baryon acoustic oscillations.
The Hubble constant value can be derived by looking at the angular diameter of these CMB acoustic baryon oscillations in the sky. Andrei Cuceu et al. (2020) quote a value of 67.4 km/s per megaparsec. That is smaller than the value 74 km/s per megaparsec which is measured from standard candles. Could it be that the first acoustic peak is not associated with baryon acoustic oscillations?
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The first pictures from the James Webb telescope reveal surprisingly old and surprisingly well-developed galaxies.
"Galaxy formation models may now need a revision, as current ones hold that gas clouds should be far slower to coalesce into stars and galaxies than is suggested by Webb’s galaxy-rich images of the early universe, less than 500 million years after the big bang. “This is way outside the box of what models were predicting,” says Garth Illingworth of the University of California (UC), Santa Cruz."
We wrote about our Minkowski & newtonian model on January 31, 2022. The expansion of the universe happens at a constant speed, just like in the Milne model.
In the Milne model the cosmic microwave background which we observe now was born much farther away from us than in the ΛCDM model. The same for the first galaxies which we observe now. The apparent angular diameter of the first galaxies is smaller in the Milne model than in the ΛCDM model.
\ / now
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\ / O first galaxies
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Milne model
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\ / O first galaxies
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\ / Big Bang
ΛCDM
In the Milne model the first galaxies have a larger redshift and their apparent angular diameter is smaller than in ΛCDM.
James Webb supports the Milne model.
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