The Milne model is not the right model for cosmology in
the Minkowski & newtonian model
+
negative gravity charge particles.
That is because in the early universe pressure accelerates the expansion.
Let us call our new cosmological model the Minkowski cosmological model.
The name stresses the fact that after the initial pressure-dominated stage, the large-scale metric is Minkowski.
The Minkowski model is a bounce-back model. We can, in principle, trace the history of the universe to the time before the Big bang. There is no singularity. We expect matter and dark matter to bounce back if we calculate backward in time past the time of the Big bang.
Baryonic oscillations and the CMB
Baryonic oscillations are in ΛCDM the mechanism which is assumed to make perturbations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) larger at feature sizes 1 degree, 0.4 degrees, and 0.25 degrees of arc.
In ΛCDM we are seeing the CMB from a radius which was only 30 million light-years when the photons were emitted. Features with a radius 0.01 radians are somewhat stronger than other sizes. The original radius of the feature in light-years was
0.01 * 30 million light-years
= 300,000 light-years.
The "current" radius is 330 million light-years, because the scale factor has grown by a factor 1,100.
In the Minkowski model we are seeing the CMB in which the photons were emitted some 14 billion years ago from the distance (in the Minkowski metric) of 14 billion light-years.
Large-scale distances have since then increased by a factor ~ 1,100. A cluster if galaxies may now have a radius of 330 million light-years. It was just 300,000 light-years when the CMB photons were emitted.
The radius 300,000 light-years is just 1 / 1,000th of a degree of arc viewed from 14 billion light-years away.
The resolution of the Planck probe map of the CMB is 0.07 degrees of arc. We cannot discern the seeds of the current clusters of galaxies in the map.
Can we in the Minkowski model explain why features whose size is 1 degree are strong in the CMB map? The radius 0.5 degrees corresponds to 140 million light-years when viewed 14 billlion light-years away.
In the Milne model, the age of the universe was
14 billion / 1,100 years
= 13 million years
when the CMB photons were emitted. The Milne model has a hard time explaining features of a size 140 million light-years.
In our Minkowski model, the expansion accelerated because of the pressure after the Big bang. It might be that the age of the universe was already 140 million years when the CMB photons were emitted.
We have to calculate the age, assuming some pressure in the early phase. If the age turns out to be less than 140 million years, then we have to explain features of the size 140 million light-years by something which happened before the Big bounce.
Conclusions
Let us assume that the Big bang actually was a Big bounce. We have to figure out what was the pressure in the early stage after the bounce, and how much time it took for the CMB photons to be freed.
Maybe some of the Big bounce proponents has already calculated this?
Can we explain the 1 / 100,000 uniformity of the CMB with a Big bounce model?
Is it certain that the Minkowski model, when calculated back in time, yields a Big bounce? The result might also be black holes of some kind.
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