Wednesday, January 26, 2022

The series of errors which led from Einstein to the black hole information paradox

Let us once more write down the logical sequence of errors, which almost inevitably led to the black hole information paradox, and to development of strange physical models to "solve" a paradox which never existed.

1. Albert Einstein in 1915 thought that gravity determines the "spacetime geometry" and is not just another force.

2. People started to believe that the "spacetime geometry" has infinite forces with which it can make anything to obey its orders. No one calculated the backreaction of the Einstein field equation solutions to a small test mass. We conjecture that the equations do not exert infinite forces on a test mass, if calculated correctly.

3. Since the spacetime geometry is infinitely strong, so is the event horizon of the Schwarzschild solution.

4. An infinitely strong horizon is a one-way membrane.

5. Now we have a problem: a test mass can never reach the horizon. Solve the problem with a mathematically incorrect switch to Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates.

6. A one-way membrane breaks thermodynamics. Jacob Bekenstein and Stephen Hawking realized this.

7. Rather than correcting the errors 1 - 5, Hawking devised a way to pull radiation out of the infinitely strong event horizon.

8. We arrive at the black hole information paradox.

9. Rather than correcting the errors 1 - 5 and 7, people started to develop string "theory", holography, and so on, to solve the non-existent paradox.


The series of errors happened because we cannot make empirical measurements of event horizons. Empirical tests would have cut short the sequence of errors.

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